The search for non-invasive and interactive therapeutic approaches has increased in the last decades, and the Neurofeedback (NF) has been explored in the context of brain disorders or enhancement of cognitive performance, both in research and clinical settings. The NF technique aims to train self-regulation of brain activity in real-time (RT), and it is primarily utilized in research with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG). The training undergone with NF is based on associative learning, which offers a non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment. Different levels of reinforcement can be used in the approach, and even though the underlying NF mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, studies have shown effectiveness in improving the relief of symptoms.