In the last two decades, the number of launched and under-study satellite missions involving formation flying has grown, with many of them aiming to contribute to autonomous proximity operations. Meanwhile, the size of the spacecraft involved has been decreasing due to the advantages in terms of mission costs, with small spacecraft (i.e., with a mass of less than 500 kg) being favored. This choice, however, comes at the cost of increased complexity in the Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) system design, due to limited onboard resources (computational capacity and thrust-to-power ratio). This thesis aims to tackle these constraints, presenting the use of a Model Predictive Control (MPC) controller applied to this context.