The road construction industry continuously explores the use of new alternative materials for asphalt pavements. At the same time, industrial activities generate massive amounts of by-products every year, such as chromium steel sludge from bearing manufacturing. This research aims to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing this chromium steel sludge as an alternative mineral filler in bituminous mastics. By incorporating this material into the bitumen matrix, the study investigates its potential to replace standard road fillers and its overall impact on mastic performance. To achieve this objective, the physical properties of the chromium sludge were first characterized and compared with two conventional reference fillers: a commercial filler (Rheofiller) and ordinary Portland cement.