In recent decades, the consumption of video content has increased exponentially, accounting for over 80% of global Internet traffic. This growth has come with a continuous evolution of video compression technologies, necessary to guarantee the efficient transmission of content across the multiple digital platforms and devices available today. Video compression actually plays a crucial role in reducing the amount of data required to represent visual content, balancing perceived quality, encoding efficiency, and computational complexity. This study’s aim is to analyze and compare four of the latest video codecs: HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding), VVC (Versatile Video Coding), AV1, and AV2 (AOMedia Video 1 and 2).