Christian Carone
Low Thrust, Minimum-Propellant Optimization for Multi-Orbit Rendezvous with Uncooperative LEO Space Debris using Indirect Methods.
Rel. Manuela Battipede, Luigi Mascolo. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Aerospaziale, 2024
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Abstract
Since the beginning of space exploration, thousands of satellites have been launched into Earth orbit. Over the years, however, the increasing number of artificial satellites placed in orbit has been matched by an increase in the probability of collisions between the satellites themselves. Such events would produce orbiting fragments, each of which would exponentially increase the probability of further collisions occurring in the future. The criticality of the Kessler Syndrome, acknowledged by researchers since the 1980s, has led to the formation of a space debris belt around Earth, particularly in Low Earth Orbits (LEO) below 2000 km. This creates a severe threat to both the safety and functionality of space assets, as collisions with space debris can cause substantial damage or complete destruction of spacecraft; in recent decades, therefore, mission disposal operations have increasingly become relevant.
Notably congested regions include the Sun-Synchronous Orbits (SSO) and Polar Orbits (PEO) at altitudes of 600-1200 km and inclinations of 80-105 degrees, particularly around 800-900 km
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