The spontaneous emergence of synchronization across various natural systems witnesses its importance in executing complex collective tasks within a population. Similarly, cooperation is a crucial behavioral mechanism for ensuring the survival of a community in numerous physical, biological, and social scenarios. Despite the evident interplay between synchronization and cooperation in many real-world systems, a rigorous investigation of their relationship has seldom been conducted. The Evolutionary Kuramoto Dilemma offers a quantitative approach to study the coevolution of cooperation and synchronization within the framework of networked interactions among populations of coupled oscillators/agents. Each individual may decide whether or not to cooperate and interact with the rest of the population in order to get synchronized.