Fuel consumption assessments are typically performed with reference to regulatory test driving cycles such as the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). Although these cycles represent a standard at the type-approval level, they do not capture all the real-world driving conditions which may be relevant to consider before introducing new vehicles on the market. Moreover, the European Commission has recently introduced the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation, which sets emission standards to be met during road testing. This represents a massive challenge for the automotive industry, which needs to guarantee that vehicles comply with emissions standards under real driving conditions.