Cigarette butts are one of the most polluting solid wastes. It is estimated that each year the average cigarette production is about 5.7 trillion, and every day a colossal amount of cigarette butts is thrown into nature. Most cigarettes have a filter made of cellulose acetate, which due to modifications of the cellulose increases its filtering efficiency but limits its potential for biodegradation. When cigarette butts are discarded into the environment, significant amounts of toxic chemicals are released and potentially accumulate in waterways and roads, thus posing a serious threat to local organisms and aquatic species, but also causing considerable and significant damage to the environment as a whole.