Renewable energies represent one of the most effective responses to the environmental and energy challenges of our time. The transition to clean energy sources has become a necessity to reduce CO2 emissions. Among these, renewable energies stand out for their ability to harness inexhaustible natural resources, such as the sun, wind, Earth’s heat, and water. Among the oldest and most efficient renewable sources is hydroelectric energy, which utilizes the power of water to generate electricity. This technology, based on the use of rivers and water reservoirs, has enabled energy production in a reliable and sustainable way for centuries. Today, it is one of the leading resources for global energy production, accounting for more than 15% of the world’s electricity.