This thesis investigates the historical construction system and structural logic of Iranian architecture. then, by analyzing dome transition systems in Iranian architecture through a detailed case study of the Nizam al-Mulk Dome in the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan. It explores how Iranian builders achieved stability and enormous spaces without centering frameworks, relying instead on geometric precision, material intelligence, and modular construction principles. The research begins with a historiography of construction history in Iran, from the ancient civilizations in Iran through the contemporary era highlighting key figures, historical descriptions, institutions, and international collaborations. in the next step, the study examines the characteristics and evolution of Iranian architecture in different eras especially typologies of arches, vaults, and domes, analyzing their geometric configurations and structural performance across time.