Cancer is a disease that occurs when abnormal cells grow and spread uncontrollably in the body. There are various types of cancer, each with their own unique characteristics and treatment options. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a form of kidney cancer that can be classified into several histological subtypes. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, making up roughly 90% of cases. Accurately identifying the tumor subtype is critical as treatment approaches and prognosis may differ based on the subtype and stage of the disease. Some of the major subtypes of RCC include clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary (pRCC), chromophobe, oncocytoma, and others.