The world population is growing faster than ever, with an expectation of 10 billion inhabitants on the planet by 2050. To sustain such rapid growth, the agri-food sector must necessarily improve its production capacity and its efficiency, innovating through technological drivers that aim at optimizing and automating the process, while at the same time embracing approaches that can guarantee the sustainability of the supply chain. In particular, automated and precision agriculture is spreading across the industry, both through fully automated machines and through cooperative robots. Computer vision is the main enabler of this industrial shift, thanks to the enormous improvements the field has experienced through Machine Learning and Deep Learning.