From the 20th century, biological mechanisms of the brain behaviour have become more and more interesting for the research communities in information fields due to the computational power of the systems they inspire. In fact, despite the lack of consensus about the information processing actually involved in brain, biological processes have served as reference for recent computational models. The first Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed as simplified versions of biological neural networks in terms of structure and function. Today, after a long evolutionary history, the third generation of artificial network is the Spiking one (SNNs), which reach a more realistic modeling by utilizing true biological features like spikes to transmit information between neurons, incorporating the concepts of space and time through neural connectivity and plasticity rules for the evolution of the strength of the connections.