Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have made tremendous progress, enabling the achievement of impressive results in artificial intelligence applications. In the last few years, the research highlighted the massive resource requirements of ANNs: contrarily to these, the human brain is capable of performing more general and complex tasks at a minuscule fraction of the power, time, and space required by state-of-the-art supercomputers. In parallel to this in recent years, the scaling process dictated by Moore's Law showed its future limitations, which led to the study and development of new ways to encode information. Among the extended scenario of proposed answers, there is a group of solutions classified as Beyond CMOS technology.