The successful operation of Ingenuity demonstrated the feasibility of powered flight in the Martian atmosphere and opened new possibilities for aerial mobility in planetary exploration. Future aerial vehicles could support surface missions by reaching areas that are difficult or slow to access with rovers, providing local reconnaissance, target assessment and short-range scientific observations. However, flight on Mars remains highly challenging due to the very low atmospheric density, low Reynolds number regime, reduced speed of sound and limited onboard energy availability. These conditions strongly affect rotor sizing, hover power and mission endurance, making the design of a Martian VTOL vehicle a coupled mass–energy problem.