Hydrological While Amu-Darya Basin is vital to central Asia’s water security, and it is one of the main arteries feeding Aral Lake, our understanding of its hydro-climatic situation is often hindered by a lack of consistent ground observations. This study develops an integrated analysis to evaluate basin scale precipitation variability, vegetation dynamics NDVI, and surface water dynamics MNDWI for the period 2000-2023 by combining streamflow behaviour for available data records from sub basin gauge stations in Afghanistan. ERA5 precipitation was first evaluated against in-situ precipitation data, demonstrating strong monthly scale correlation and acceptable magnitude agreement which supports its use for basin scale analysis.