Climate change and continuous urban development are increasingly affecting building energy consumption, underscoring the importance of reliable modeling approaches and targeted retrofit actions. This thesis develops a modeling framework designed to evaluate the energy performance of residential buildings in two distinct neighborhoods: one in Lisbon (Portugal) and another in Florianópolis (Brazil), selected for their contrasting climatic conditions. The study applies an Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) approach to simulate and analyze heating and cooling trends under different scenarios. In this work, several case studies were carried out through simulation. Buildings were modeled under three main conditions: the baseline scenario, which serves as the reference for comparison; the 2050 projection, used to assess the impact of climate change; and three retrofit strategies, improvements to roof, wall, and window insulation, aimed at determining their potential to reduce energy consumption and their economic feasibility.