This thesis examines the deep and rapid transformation of the European natural gas sector, a change accelerated by the 2021–2022 energy crisis and the Russia–Ukraine conflict, which highlighted the high dependence on imports (about 83% for the EU and 96% for Italy) and the resulting need to diversify supplies (LNG and African corridors) and to reinforce an infrastructure often considered “vintage” but still central to energy security. The core of the work was the study of innovative solutions, developed within Italgas’ Open Innovation framework, aimed at improving the energy efficiency of the Italian distribution network. Specifically, the thesis focused on reducing the natural gas consumption used for preheating in Regulation and Metering stations (Re.Mi.