In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of bacterial infections in systemic diseases. Among these, Streptococcus mutans, an oral pathogen which is the main cause of dental caries, has been linked to an increased risk of ischemic strokes when the Cnm-positive (Cnm+) mutation is present. Therefore, the ability to distinguish between Cnm-negative and Cnm-positive strains of Streptococcus mutans is essential for accurate risk assessment of ischemic stroke. Raman spectroscopy can be used to distinguish between the Cnm-positive and Cnm-negative variants of this bacterium thanks to the presence of sulfur exclusive to the Cnm+ ones, which is linked to an easily distinguishable peak in Raman spectra.