This thesis discusses the security of gas supply in Italy and the European Union despite geopolitical conflicts currently taking place in the region. The current situation of the Italian and the European Union supply and production of natural gas is presented, as well as what are the issues that they are facing to guarantee this hydrocarbon to their citizens. The current situation of their respective energy infrastructures is also presented with explanations as to how they utilize natural gas to create products or as fuel to power turbines to generate electricity. Case studies are presented detailing what are the consequences when the gas supply security of a nation is compromised, be it because of geopolitical factors or natural disasters, and how cities and nations have taken measures to mitigate the respective risks.