Anesthesia, the reversible pharmacological suspension of conscious brain activity, is a cornerstone of modern surgery and has been one of the main drivers of its progress, as it allows patients to undergo procedures without feeling pain (analgesia) or anxiety (due to unconsciousness), nor having memory of the surgical procedure (amnesia). Despite these considerations, the molecular mechanism by which anesthetics exert their action is still not fully understood and remains an active subject of study: over the years, several hypotheses have been proposed by the scientific community. Initially, the so-called “lipid theory” had a substantial support, according to which anesthetics, being lipophilic drugs, would exert their action by penetrating biological membranes and thereby altering its physical-chemical characteristics and permeability.