The growing prevalence of neurological disorders, driven by traumatic brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases, underscores the urgent need for innovative therapies. Repairing or replacing damaged nerve cells remains challenging due to the limited regenerative capacity of the human nervous system. Traditional 2D cell cultures and in vivo animal models often fall short in replicating the complex cellular environments and interactions found in human tissues. Emerging technologies, including 3D cell cultures, co-culture systems, and bioreactors, offer new opportunities for studying neural cell behavior and mimicking brain functionality more accurately. Additionally, tissue-engineered models provide platforms for developing structured neural cell cultures, advancing the field by creating more physiologically relevant in vitro models that could bridge the gap between preclinical studies and clinical applications.