Questa coesistenza fra livelli diversi è messa a rischio dalle politiche urbane che mirano a formalizzare la città e a normalizzarne le pratiche ponendo come fine la competitività urbana

Questa tesi si basa sulla convinzione che l’informalità urbana sia ricca di aspetti positivi e potenzialità da valorizzare e che sia possibile supportare i processi informali di trasformazione dello spazio e di organizzazione sociale al fine di renderli meno marginali e vulnerabili. Ritengo sia possibile - in sintesi - ripristinare un equilibrio fra i processi locali e i trend globali partendo dall'informalità urbana.

European and Global Asset

Local framework

Conclusions

1. INFORMALITY

1. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: INFORMALITY, URBANIZATION, GLOBALIZATION ANO CONFLICT

1.1. INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

Informal Settlements and City Growth

Informality as an Opportunity

Informality in thè Critique to Neoliberism

Formai/Informai, Marginality/lntegration

1.2 INFORMAL ECONOMY

Informal Sector and Informal Economy

Formal Economy and Informal Economy

Globalization and Informal Economy

1.3 RIGHTTO THE CITY AND CONFLICT

1. AAA DEFINITION

Urban Informality

A. Right to thè City

B. Informality as...

Self-governement and Self-diversification

Open City

A-legal Space and Right to illegality

Non-Plan

2. INFORMALITY IN ISTANBUL

2.1 INFORMALITY AND ISTANBUL'S SOCIAL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE

C. Underground Culture

2.2 INFORMAL ECONOMY

D. The Elements Of Informality: People, Places, Objects

2.3 INFORMAL HOUSING

Gecekondu

3. FORMAL vs. INFORMAL URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES

3.1 NEOLIBERAL URBAN STRATEGIES IN ISTANBUL SINCE THE 1990’S

Stereotyped Neoliberal Dream and Urban Transformations

Boosting Tourism and Culture

Endless City Growth, Infrastructure and Megalomania

Real Estate Dominance

Formal Housing in thè Hand Of TOKI

Demolition, Eviction and Relocation as thè Main Tool for Renewal

Formalization: Gentrification of Informal Settlements in thè City Centre

E. Tarlabasi case study

3.2 CONCLUSION: SOCIO-SPATIAL CONSEQUENCES AND THE LOSS OF INFORMALITY

Informality as a Threat Informality at Threat

4. THE CONFLICT BETWEEN LOCAL PROCESSES AND GLOBAL TRENDS

4.1 URBAN GOVERNANCE

Actors

Laws

4.2 URBAN CONFLICTS

Lawless Authoritarism Urban Conflicts

F. Letter to AGFE

G. Gezi Parki Protest

5. SUPPORTED INFORMAL STRATEGY IN BOGAZKESAN CADDESÌ

5.1 MARGINALITY...

5.2 ...AND DICOTOMY

Global/Local

Legal/illegal

Control/Freedom

Omologation/ibridization

Top-down/Bottom-up

5.3 INFORMALITY: OPPORTUNITÀ and THREATS

5.4 STRATEGY

Contest analyses

Strategy

Tactics

Actors

Places

Phases

References

H. Christopher Alexander’s Builder's Yard

I. Jeremy Till’s Spadal Agency

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Dervis P, Tanju B. e Tanyeli U. (a cura di), Becoming Istanbul An Enciclopedia, Garanti Galleri, Istanbul, 2008

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Banham P, Barker P, Hall P, Price C., Non-Plan An experiment in Freedom, New Society, 1969

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Libri_generale

Amin A. e N. Thrift, Città. Ripensate la dimensione urbana, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2005

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Dervis P, Òner M. (a cura di), Mapping Istanbul, Garanti Gallery, Istanbul, 2009

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Articoli generale

Gordon I., Internationalization and Urban Competition, Urban Studies, Voi. 36, N. 5-6,1999, pp. 1001-1016 Sennett R., The Open City, Urban Age, 2006

Smith N., New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentritication as a Global Urban Strategy, xx

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Takeli i„ Cities in Modern Turkey, Istanbul City of Intersections, Urban Age Istanbul Newspaper, 2009, pp. 16-17

Altro_locale

AGFE, Advisory Group On Forced Evictions, Mission to Istanbul, Republic of Turkey, Report to thè executive director of UN Habitat Program, 8-11 giugno 2009

European Capital of Culture agency (a cura di), Istanbul 2010, European Capital of Culture Program, 2010 OIWAN, Istanbul Living in Voluntary and Involuntary exclusion

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Territorial Reviews: Istanbul, Turkey, 2008

Conflitto

Llbri_generale

Harvey D., Contested Cities. Socialprocess and spatial form, in Jewson N., MacGregor S. (a cura di), Transforming Cities: New Spatial Divisions and Social Transformation, Routledge, Londra, 2005

Harvey D., Il capitalismo contro il diritto alla città, Neoliberalismo, urbanizzazione, resistenze, Ombre Corte, Verona, 2012 Foucault M., Utopie ed Eterotopie, Cronopio, Napoli, 2004

Articoli locale

ArangoT., La scomparsa di una città, Internazionale, N. 1003, anno XX, 7/13 giugno 2013. pp, 15-16

Buruma l„ Le democrazie Islamiche e ribelli di Istanbul, la Repubblica, anno XXXVIII, N. 132, mercoledì 5 giugno 2013

Baydar Y , Tutta colpa del premier, Internazionale, N. 1003, anno XX, 7/13 giugno 2013, p. 19

Baydar Y„ Il pugno di ferro di Erdogan, Internazionale, No. 1003, anno XX, 7/13 giugno, p. 14

Cemal H., Un nuovo autoritarismo, Internazionale, No. 1003, anno XX, 7/13 giugno 2013, pp. 18-19

Gursei K., Erdogan rischia di perdere il potere, Internazionale, No. 1003, anno XX, 7/13 giugno, p. 14

Karaman 0., Intervention - Defending Future Commons: thè Gezi Axperience, antipodeloudalion.org, 5 settembre 2013

Kimmelman M.. Nel cuore di Istanbul, Internazionale, No. 1004, anno XX, 14/20 giugno, pp. 14-16

Pérouse J.F., Le pare Gezi: dessous d'une trasformation très politique, Métropolltlques, 24 giugno 2012

Safak E., Se la Turchia esplode. Internazionale, No. 1003, anno XX, 7/13 giugno 2013, pp. 12-14

Link_locale

tarlabasiistanbul.com Tarlabasi Istanbul (blog)

sulukulegunlugu.blogspot.lt/Sulukulegunlugii (blog)

resistanbul.wordpress.com (blog)

www.livestream.com/revoltistanbul (blog)

reclaimistanbul.com (blog)

kenthareketleri.wordpress.com NGO (blog)

emeksinemasi.blogspot.it (blog)

romarights.net (blog)

www.taksimplattormu.com (blog)

istanbulsos.org/ (blog) taksimdayanisma.org (blog)

infografik.com.tr/wp-conten/uploads/2013/06/GeziParki _Infografik.jpg

tr.squat.net (blog)

Bibliografia secondaria

Llbri_generale

Borelli G , La cittì come opera, In Immagini di città, processi spaziali e interazioni sociologiche, Bruno Mondadori, Milano, 2012, pp. 61-91

Debord G., La società dello spettacolo, Massari editore, 2004

Martinetti G., Forbici S. (a cura di), La metropoli contemporanea, QUA SI, Milano, 2008

MVRDV, FARMAX, 010 Publishers, Rotterdam, 1999

Wolfrum S„ Nerdinger W. (a cura di), Multiple City, Urban Concept 1908/2008, Jovis, Berlino, 2008

Libri _locale

Basilico G., Doninelli L„ Fornasieri D., Istanbul05 010. Corraini, 2010

Bozdogan S. (a cura di), Modernism and Nailon-Building, Turkish Architectural Culture In thè Early Republic, University of Washington Press, Washington, 2011

Articoli_generale

Chiodelll F., La cittadinanza secondo Henri Lefebvre: urbana, attiva, a matrice spaziale

SampòL., The post Urban Age: toward a new form of settlement, Boundaries, International Architectural Magazine, N. 4, aprile-giugno 2012, pp. 9-15

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Articoli _locale

Ansaldo M., Istanbul va veloce, in Donna di Repubblica, settembre 2012

Kòseli B„ City leaves historic Hasanpasa Gazhane to its fate, in todaysaman.com. 11 settembre 2011

Letsch C., Istanbul sees history razed in thè name of regeneration, in guardian.co.uk, 1 marzo 2012

Tan P, A report from Gezi Park, domusweb.it, 1 giugno 2013

Turkey's aging population outpaces youth growth, In todayszaman.com, 26 gennaio 2010

Turkey's trouble, Democrat or sultan?, economist.com, 8 giugno 2013

What's causing the protest in Turkey, guardian.co.uk, 4 Giù 2013

Altro_locale

Clos J., The Changing Urban Context in Istanbul, Urban Age Istanbul Conference, 2009

Gb architecture, Crisis of Urban Form: re-visiting the urban (perimeter) block, crilique of ongoing process in production ol urban fabric in Istanbul

l, Urban Age Istanbul Conterence, 2009

Urban Age City Survey, Urban Age Istanbul Conference, 2009

Video_locale

Aman Sulukule Canim Sulukule / Oh Sulukule Darling Sulukule, Wong Hoy Cheong

David Harvey interview: Tarlabasi

Istanbul, www.vimeo.com Istanbul 2010 - European Capital of Culture promo, www.youtube.com

Sulukule'de KentselDonùsume Yakatanan Hayatlar, Fatih Pinar, www.blanet.org

TST- The Hill Doesn’t Chant Anymore, Ege Berensel, Serhat H. Yalginkaya, Banu Oray,

Film_locale

Bir Zamanlar Anadolu'da/Once upon a Urne In Anatolia, Nuri Bllge Ceylan, 2012

Costantinople, Panorama de le Come d'Or, Auguste e Louis Lumière, 1897

Crossing the Bridge - The Sound ol Istanbul, Fatih Akin, 2005

Ekumenopolis: ucu olmmayan sehir / Ekumenopois: city without limits, imre Azem, 2011

Gegen die Wand/Against thè Wall, Fatih Akin, 2004

Guitet Kuslari/Birds ol Exile, Halit Refig, 1964

Mein Haus Stand in Sulukule, Astrid Heubrandtner, 2010

Organile isler/Magic Carpet Ride, Vilmaz Erdogan, 2005

Uzak/Distant, Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2003

Yasarmn Kiyismda/The Edge of Heaven/Aul der anderen Selle, Falih Akin, 2007

Link_generale

lsecities.net Urban Age (official website)

squattercity.blogspot.it squattercity (blog)

www u-tt.com/ Urban Think Tank (official website)

Link locale

ejts.org European Journal Of Turkish Studies (database di ricerca)

database.becomingistanbul.org/ Becoming Istanbul (database)

toki.gov.tr T0KI Housing Development Administration of Turkey (sito ufficiale)

lksv.org/tr Istanbul Kultur Sanat Vakfi, Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts (sito ufficiale)

ibb.gov.tr Istanbul Buyuksehir Belediyesi. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (sito ufficiale)

eslanbul2010.com, Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture (sito ufficiale)

en.beyoglu.bel.tr/delaull.aspx, Beyoglu District Municipality (silo ufficiale)

saltonline.org SALT (sito ufficiale)

t24.com.tr/online T24news (sito ufficiale)

www.turkstat.gov.tr Turkish Statistical Institute (sito ufficiale)

ekumenopolis.net Ekumenopois: city without limits (sito ufficiale)

www.arkitera.com/architettura (blog)

istanbulview.com Istanbul vlew, Metropolis on Two Continents (sito ufficiale)

timeout.com/islanbul events and sights (sito ufficiale)

alloz.net Ali Óz (blog e reportage)

inmotion.magnumphotos.com/essay/lstanbul Istanbul City of Hundred names Magnum (reportage)

harita.yandex.com.tr/?text (mappa)

sehirrehberl.ibb.gov.tr/map.aspx (mappa)