Dentin tissue is a biological material characterised by a complex structure which deeply influences its mechanical properties. It assumes a very important role in many fields due to its great potential. Its potential is even better harnessed as a result of its demineralisation. In fact, this treatment makes dentin more permeable and allows the release of substances trapped in the highly crystalline inorganic structure. In order to use dentin in the clinical setting, it is necessary to understand how this material is structured at the microscopic level. In particular, it is important to define how the structural variation along dental tissue is reflected in the change of its mechanical properties.