Setting a human presence in space has gained increasing interest starting from the Space Race and throughout the International Space Station era. Nowadays, NASA is leading a global endeavor for human-led exploration and scientific discovery in deep space known as Moon-to-Mars Architecture. Part of this is the Artemis program, through which NASA – in cooperation with International Partners and private companies – intends to return humans to the Moon within this decade and to establish an initial base on its surface. This will pave the way for a subsequent sustainable and permanent presence on the lunar surface. Moon exploration will then be extended to establish a human presence on Mars.