In a world rapidly transitioning away from fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, the importance of green energy sources has become increasingly evident. Photovoltaics (PV) have emerged as an abundant and eco-friendly energy solution to meet the growing demand for power. Among its many applications, PV techonology could be used to power small electronic devices as an alternative to batteries that require periodic recharging or disposal. However, the intermittent nature of solar energy poses a challenge: a standalone photovoltaic module cannot replace electrochemical batteries, as its electrical output depends on atmospheric conditions, resulting in inconsistent power supply for electronic devices.