Climate Change is requiring a complex review of the conventional energy supply systems. The transport sector has a heavy weight in energy consumption, representing a fundamental necessity in a so globalized world. The road transportation is currently lead by conventional oil vehicles, but the research effort is pushing to find affordable and more sustainable alternatives. The present thesis, developed in collaboration with RINA Consulting S.p.A, constitutes the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Report for 1 MJ of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) Diesel produced from Recovered Used Cooking Oil (RUCO) by two Italian biorefineries. Moreover, a comparison with various Alternative Fuels for automotive sector is presented, displaying LCA results for 1 km travelled.