One of the primary goals of Space Exploration is the search for alternative living environments for humans, with the Moon as most feasible target and primary destination, and Mars as the subsequent central focus of attention, being one of the most Earth-like planets in the solar system. Overall, sustaining life beyond Earth is complex, but such pursuit of scientific knowledge and discovery can not only expand human presence across the Solar System but also address environmental issues on our home planet. As promising as the opportunities are in this field, there are significant challenges to overcome due to the markedly different environments outside the Earth, including varying atmosphere, gravity, surface characteristics, temperature fluctuations, and exposure to radiation and micrometeoroids.