Thermal treatment technologies play an essential role in the treatment of contaminated soils because they can meet remediation demands rapidly and effectively. However, their high energy demand and their potential harmful effects on soil qualities raise concerns about the sustainability of these technologies. The aim of this thesis is to examine common thermal treatment methods for contaminated soils , assess their possible adverse impacts on the environment, and identify strategies for their low-impact and sustainable implementation based on a comprehensive analysis of energy efficiency and land reuse. The operational principles, benefits, and limitations of every thermal treatment technology, as well as their possible combinations are discussed.