The thesis examines the development and implementation of spin-off companies especially in the clinical and health sector through the Technology Transfer Offices or similar of the IRCSS in Italy. This work stems from the awareness of how important the role of technology and innovation is nowadays on the basis of the phenomenon of Open Innovation. It will deal with the role played by universities as a source of creation of technology and innovation, in a world that is increasingly pushing towards the enhancement of research from an economic and entrepreneurial point of view. Hence the focus on clarifying and fully defining the process of technology transfer, understanding what it consists of, how it is born, how it is conceived at a global and European level.