China has been exploiting coal resources for thousands of years and nowadays is the most advanced level of coal mining technology in China. Since the founding of Modern China, coal has been the main energy source in China, supporting the country to carry out industrialization, informatization and development of all aspects of society. This paper studies and introduces the basic situation of non-renewable energy sources in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the main development process of underground coal mining technology in China, the series of disasters encountered during underground coal mining and the corresponding safety measures, and introduces each coal mining process in detail in chronological order, namely the blasting coal mining process, the conventional mechanized coal mining process, and the comprehensive mechanized coal mining process.