The Italian energy mix is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, especially natural gas and crude oil. However, the domestic production of oil and gas are scarce and insufficient to cover the demand, therefore almost the totality of fossil fuel has to be imported. This makes Italy one of the most energy dependent country in Europe, with an import dependency of 77%, and the assessment of the supply energy security becomes a crucial aspect. The national energy security is referred to two fronts: the internal front and the external front. The internal front is related with the domestic availability of energy resources and the resilience of the transmission and distribution system, the second one with the security of the corridors through which the energy commodities reach the Italian entry points.