Giulia Iannello
3D printing of polymeric composites with cellulose micro-fibrils.
Rel. Roberta Maria Bongiovanni, Alessandra Vitale, Sara Dalle Vacche, Davide Beneventi. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Chimica E Dei Processi Sostenibili, 2020
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Abstract
The thesis is focused on the production of a 100% bio-based composite, obtained by reinforcing a matrix consisting of a thermosetting resin, poly-furfuryl alcohol (PFA), with hemp micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC). The material is used for the production of a three-dimensional final object by 3D printing process. Cellulose micro-fibrils are crystalline filaments (diameter of 10-100 nm and length of the order of µm) contained in vegetable fibers with excellent mechanical properties; the common extraction methods (fibrillation) however require a significant amount e of energy and are followed by several steps, so that the production of MFC is not yet affirmed on the industrial scale.
In this work the MFC is produced from hemp vegetable pulp from sustainable cultivation, by two pre-treatments (mechanical refining and enzymatic hydrolysis) and then fibrillation using an innovative process, a twin-screw extrusion: the product, with a concentration higher than 30% wt, has good quality and the process requires less energy consumption compared to common processes
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