The entire history of mankind, since prehistoric times, has been characterized by a continuous process of technology development related to discovery, transformation and utilization of materials. The degree of evolution of the society is commensurate to the ability of man to convert raw materials into utensils, indeed we talk about Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Nevertheless, it is hard to identify a class of material which characterizes modern man; only in the XX century new materials such as polymers, alloys and composites have revolutionized the entire scenario. After the advent of new materials, it is the development of new technologies which makes possible to obtain products, also functionally different, starting from a limited series of materials.