“One Belt One Road” initiatives was brought up by People Republic of China recent years which includes two subsidiary concepts of “Silk Road Economic Belt” (SREB) which is the core of this dissertation and “21 century Maritime Silk Road”. During the cooperation among China and more than 60 covered countries under the initiative, the relationship between China and Central Asian countries are especially significant and remarkable. In order to better understand the role that the SREB plays during the cooperation, we introduce not only conception, but also analyze mainly economic impacts in terms of history and background, previous cooperation, purpose, comparison of advantages and disadvantages, facing challenges and possible solutions, future trends, etc.