Marcella Cipriano
Combined effects of noise and room acoustics on voice production in simulated classrooms.
Rel. Arianna Astolfi, David Pelegrín García. Politecnico di Torino, Master of science program in Architecture Construction City, 2015
Abstract
This work concerns the relationship of the two main factors, namely the room acoustics and background noise, with the vocal effort. Teachers and non-teachers have been invited to perform talking test under simulated classroom acoustic conditions of varying levels of speech shaped noise in order to understand this relationship. At the same time their subjective preference of teaching in classrooms by means of questionnaires has allowed refining guidelines for classroom acoustic design. Under simulated acoustic environments, talkers distort their voice linearly dependent on the voice support on maximum noise level, and the slope of this relationship is defined as room effect.
The magnitude of the room effect depends highly on the Lombard effect, i.e
Relators
Publication type
Subjects
S Scienze e Scienze Applicate > SH Fisica tecnica
Course of studies
Chapters
Introduction
1. Room acoustics parameters for speaker
1.1. Voice support STV
1.1.1. Relation with voice
1.1.1.1. Vocal Effort and Lombard effect
1.2 Decay time DT40,ME
1.1.2. Relation with voice
2. Experimental method
2.1 Measurements
2.1.1 IRs measurements
2.1.1.1 Elements of the setup
2.1.1.2 Measuring conditions
2.1.1.3 During the session
2.1.1.4 Results
2.1.2 OBRIRs measurements
2.1.2.1 Elements of the setup
2.1.2.2 System setting
2.1.2.3 Measurements
2.1.2.4 Post-processing
2.1.2.5 Results
2.2 Acoustic Virtual Reality(AVR) System
2.2.1 System overview
2.2.2 Simulation
2.2.3 Adding data into the AVR system
2.2.4 Background noise levels
2.3 Talking test
2.3.1 Setup
2.3.2 Conditions
2.3.3 Subjects
2.3.4 Instructions
2.3.5 Post-processing of the speech signals
2.4 Questionnaire
3. Statistical analysis
3.1 Voice level
3.1.1 Room effect
3.1.2 Lombard effect
3.2 Subjective data
4. Results
4.1 Voice level
4.1.1 Room effect
4.1.2 Lombard effect
4.2 Subjective data
4.2.1 Comfort
4.2.2 Reverberation
4.2.3 Noise
5. Discussion
5.1 Voice level
5.1.1 Room effect
5.1.2 Lombard effect
5.2 Subjective attributes
Conclusion
Ackowledgments
References
APPENDIX A: IRs measurements
A.1 IRs measurements results
APPENDIX B: OBRIRs measurements
B.1 OBRIRs measurements results
APPENDIX C: Experimental method
C.1 Talking test-Example map route
C.2 Questionnaire
APPENDIX D: Results
D.1 Room effect
D.2 Lombard effect
D.3 Subjective data
Bibliography
References
- D. Pelegrin-Garcia, J.Brunskog, "Speakers' comfort and voice level variation in classrooms," Laboratory research. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132 (2012) 249-260.
- ISO 9921, Ergonomics - Assessment of speech communication, International Organization for Standardization, Genève, 2003.
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- D. Pelegrin-Garcia, J. Brunskog, and B. Rasmussen, “Speaker-oriented classroom acoustics design guidelines in the context of current regulations in European countries,” Acta Acustica United with Acustica. In Press (2014)
- H. Lane, B. Tranel: The Lombard sign and the role of hearing in speech, J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 14(1971)677-709.
- D. Pelegrin-Garcia: Acoustic Virtual Reality System, User manual for tests and measurements + administrator guide. Laboratory of acoustics, Augusts 2015.
- prEN ISO 3382-2: 2003, Acoustic - Measurement of the reverberation time - Part 2: Ordinary rooms.
- Ian R. Cushing, Francis F. Li, Trevor J. Cox, Ken Worrall, Tim Jackson: Vocal effort levels in anechoic conditions, Applied Acoustics 72 (2011) 695-701.
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- McCallum Layton-Statistical calculator - https://www.mccallum-layton.co.uk/
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