Vito Cucinelli
HQCRV: Optimization of Hamming Quasi-Cyclic Post Quantum Crypto with RISC-V V Extension.
Rel. Alessandro Savino, Stefano Di Carlo. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Cybersecurity, 2026
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Abstract
The advent of large-scale quantum computing threatens the public-key cryptography that secures internet communications today: Shor’s algorithm breaks the integer-factorization and discrete-logarithm problems underlying RSA and elliptic-curve cryptography. In response, NIST has standardized Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms resistant to quantum crypt- analysis. After selecting the lattice-based ML-KEM (FIPS 203) as its primary Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM), NIST announced HQC (Hamming Quasi-Cyclic) in March 2025 as a structurally independent second standard, based on the Quasi-Cyclic Syndrome Decoding problem rather than lattice assumptions. This algorithmic diversity improves the crypto-agility of the PQC ecosystem, but it comes at a cost: HQC’s polynomial multiplication, which accounts for approximately 95% of the cycles spent in key generation, encapsulation, and decapsulation, is significantly heavier than the equivalent operation in ML-KEM.
This thesis optimizes HQC’s polynomial multiplication on Sargantana, a RISC-V processor equipped with a 128-bit SIMD unit implementing the RISC-V Vector (RVV) extension under the RVA23 mandatory-extension pro- file
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