Haroun Khaled
Design and Implementation of a Control Architecture for the Semi-Autonomous Cycle Rickshaw.
Rel. Alessandro Vigliani, Evald Nexhipi, Angelo Domenico Vella. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Automotive Engineering (Ingegneria Dell'Autoveicolo), 2026
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Abstract
Urban mobility increasingly requires transport solutions that are sustainable, space-efficient, and flexible enough to operate across different infrastructure types. This thesis investigates a semi-autonomous cycle rickshaw as a novel vehicle concept for passenger and freight transport on both cycling and road infrastructure. The work focuses on the challenge of reliably executing pre-planned trajectories despite physical limitations such as restricted steering range and low-speed operation. To address this problem, a hierarchical control architecture is designed, implemented, and evaluated on the rickshaw prototype. The architecture combines high-level trajectory execution logic with low-level control of steering, braking, and, additionally, electric assistance, structured as a model predictive controller for steering, a PID controller for longitudinal motion, and an explicit safety supervision layer.
The control design accounts for actuator limits, vehicle motion constraints, and feedback-based trajectory tracking under varying operating conditions, and is supported by the integration of the wheel-speed and steering-angle sensing required for closed-loop operation
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