The rapid diffusion of Industry 4.0 technologies is profoundly transforming Quality Management in manufacturing systems, introducing new capabilities for monitoring, analysis, and control of production processes. In this context, the Cost of Poor Quality (CoPQ) continues to represent one of the main sources of economic inefficiency for manufacturing organizations, including costs associated with defects, rework, scrap, internal and external failures, and other forms of nonconformity. Although the literature has extensively documented both the benefits of digital technologies and the importance of economic management of quality, a significant gap remains between these two research streams. In particular, explanations of the causal mechanisms through which Quality 4.0 technologies generate measurable economic benefits in terms of CoPQ reduction are still limited.