Amid the shift from large-scale redevelopment to incremental “micro-renewal”, the regeneration of historic districts increasingly emphasizes refined management alongside heritage conservation. Urban color, as a key factor shaping visual character and spatial perception, carries cultural and historical meaning while guiding spatial order and identity. However, current practices often face problems such as color disorder, lack of systematic control, and fragmented design approaches, calling for a coherent and operable color management framework. This study focuses on the Nanhuaxi Historic District in Guangzhou. Based on a review of urban color theories and relevant practices, it develops a context-responsive color guidance approach. Through literature review and case analysis, it summarizes the evolution of urban color planning and draws on established experience, particularly from Turin, in color survey and hierarchical control.