Alessio Fusca
Validation of Multi-Camera and Single-Camera Markerless Gait Analysis Approaches: OpenCap versus BRIDGE and the Effects of OpenSim Inverse Kinematics and Marker Augmentation.
Rel. Andrea Cereatti, Diletta Balta. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Biomedica, 2026
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Abstract
Markerless (ML) gait analysis with multi or single camera approaches is increasingly investigated as an accessible alternative to marker-based (MB) motion capture, as it avoids the placement of physical markers on the subject’s skin and simplifies data acquisition. Current dual camera solutions include OpenCap, an open-source application from Stanford University, which reconstructs 3D body keypoints from two iPhones, predicts 3D virtual markers through marker augmentation (AGM) and estimates joint kinematics through OpenSim inverse kinematics (IK). Conversely, single-camera approaches based on statistical body-model fitting provide 3D joint centres from RGB/RGB-D data, but not the anatomical landmarks required for the Plug-in Gait (PiG) biomechanical protocol to estimate 3D joint kinematics.
The objectives of this thesis were: (i) to validate OpenCap against a MB system and assess the added value of OpenSim IK over direct PiG-like computation from OpenCap AGM-derived virtual markers; (ii) to validate BRIDGE (Biomechanical Reconstruction through depth-Informed moDel fittinG for gait Estimation), a novel subject-specific RGB-D fitting approach based on a SMPL statistical model; (iii) to investigate whether AGM improves the sagittal kinematics of BRIDGE and (iv) to evaluate its frontal kinematics performance
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