La Nuova Zelanda si è trovata ad intraprendere un percorso di sviluppo urbano intensivo dal periodo tra le due guerre in avanti. In questa fase si sono espresse la maggior parte delle esperienze legate al Movimento Moderno, grazie alle ondate migratorie dall’Europa, al viaggiare degli architetti e delle conoscenze. Nello stesso momento si collocano la nascita di teorie urbane e sociali, nonché nuove correnti di pensiero locali, alla riscoperta dei valori di appartenenza al territorio, radicati nel connubio tra la cultura Europea e quella Màori.

Parlare di Restauro relativamente a questi edifici suona insolito, tuttavia, un forte sforzo di cognizione nella tutela del Patrimonio Moderno è percepibile, specialmente in ambiente accademico e tra le istituzioni proiettate ad affrontare il discorso in termini internazionali, quali DOCOMOMO.

A seguito di alcune introduzioni sul tema del Patrimonio, del Patrimonio Moderno, e del Movimento per la Conservazione Neozelandesi, è presentata una selezione di edifici Neozelandesi Moderni in un viaggio attraverso le città di Auckland, Christchurch e Wellington, sotto forma di schedario.

1.1 Persone e risorse speciali

Chapter 2

Il Patrimonio Culturale Neozelandese

2.1 Combinazione di culture diverse

2.2 Màori

2.3 Popolazioni recenti: Pàkehà

2.4 La volontà di costruire un'identità nazionale

2.5 II Movimento per la Conservazione del Patrimonio Neozelandese: l’influenza Britannica

2.6 Il Trust Nazionale Neozelandese: Heritage New Zealand

2.7 Istituzioni per la Conservazione ed il loro lavoro oggi

2.8 Documenti e procedimenti chiave nella pratica professionale

2.8.1 Historic Places Act

2.8.2 Heritage Orders

2.8.3 Resource Management Act

2.8.4 Building Act

2.8.5 II Consevation Plan: Le Guidelines di Heritage Newzealand

2.9 Conclusioni

2.10 Allegati

Now Zealand Cultural Heritage

2.1 A combination of different cultures

2.2 Maori

2.3 Newer people: Pàkehà

2.4 The will of national identity's construction

2.5 New Zealand Heritage Movement, the British influence

2.6 The National historic Places trust: Heritage New Zealand

2.7 Conservation institutions and their work today

2.8 Key documents in the professional practice

2.8.1 Historic Places Act

2.8.2 Heritage Orders

2.8.3 Resource Management Act

2.8.4 Building Act

2.8.5 The Conservation Plan

2.9 Conclusioni

Chapter 3

Contributi italiani e neozelandesi alla disciplina internazionale della Conservazione

3.1 Strumenti per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale in ambito intemazionale

3.2 Teorizzazioni italiane e collegamenti con la Nuova Zelanda

3.2.1 Edificio-organismo vivente

3.2.2 Conservazione integrata

3.2.3 Paesaggio culturale

3.2.5 Manutenzione programmata

3.3 Carte e Convenzioni Internazionali, sintesi crìtico-cronologica

3.4 ICOMOS New Zealand Charter

3.4.1 Preambolo

3.4.2 Glossario

Italian and New Zealand contributes in the international conservation discipline

3.1 International heritage conservation tools

3.2 Theories and links between Italy and New Zealand

3.2.1 Building-living organism

3.2.2 Integrated conservation

3.2.3 Cultural landscape

3.2.5 Planned maintenance

3.3 International charters and conventions, critique and chronological summary

3.4 ICOMOS New Zealand Charter

Chapter 4

I valori del patrimonio culturale moderno

4.1 Movimenti architettonici moderni

4.2 Società moderna, società industriale

4.3 La rottura

4.3.1 La Nuova Zelanda negli anni '20 e ‘30

4.4 Movimento Moderno

4.5 Cultura Moderna come Patrimonio

4.6 DoCoMoMo

4.7 Una questione di consapevolezza e legislazione

4.7.1 Italia

4.7.2 Realtà britannica e americana

4.7.2 Nuova Zelanda

4.8 DOCOMOMO New Zealand

4.9 Conclusioni

The Modem Heritage; cultural values

4.1 Modem architectural movements

4.2 Modem city, modern society

4.3 The breakage

4.2.1 New Zealand 1920s and 1930s

4.4 Modern Movement

4.5 Modern Culture as Heritage

4.6 DOCOMOMO

4.7 A matter of national awareness and legislation

4.7.1 Italy

4.7.2 The Anglo-Saxon realities

4.7.3 New Zealand

Chapter 5

L’ultima, la più solitaria, la più amabile

5.1 Edifici multi-piano

5.2 Case statali

5.2.1 Frederick Newman

5.3 Il Gruppo

5.4 Architettura Oceanica

5.5 Chiese Moderne

5.6 Casa Athfield

5.7 Ispirazioni Pacifiche contemporanee

Last, Lonoliost, Lovoliost

5.1 High-rise buildings

5.2 Public Housing

5.2.1 Frederick Newman

5.3 The Group

5.4 Oceanic Architecture

5.5 Modern Churches

5.7 Contemporary Pacific Inspirations

Conclusione

Conclusion

SCHEDE EDIFICI

Introduzione

Edifici pubblici, istituzionali, commerciali

Auckland:

Civic Theatre

Civic Building

Elen Melville Memorial Hall

Pamel Baths

Samoa House

Wellington:

Beehive

Christchurch:

Town Hal

Edifici dell'educazione e della formazione Auckland:

Student Union Building

Architecture and Panning Building

Arts and Commerce Building

School of Engineering

Mathematics and Phisics Building

Christchurch:

University of Canterbury Students’ Union

Edifici religiosi

Auckland:

Al Saints’ Church

Mce Laurin Chapel

Wellington:

Futuna Chapel

Case private di carattere speciale

Auckland:

Juriss House

Rotherham House

Wellington:

Athfield House

Blocchi di appartamenti statali

Auckland:

Symonds Street

- Barrie Andrew, "Auckland city in the 1980s" Architecture Archive, http://www.architecture-

archive.auckland.ac.nz/docs/block-digital/2011-02-Biock-Digital-1980s-Guide.pdf

- Battilossi Stefano, Le rivoluzioni industriali. Roma: Carocci, 2002.

- Bowron, G. and Harris, J. Guidelines for Preparing Conservation Plans. Auckland: New Zealand Historic Places Trust/Pouhere Taonga, 1994.

- Brandi Cesare, Il Restauro, teoria e pratica a cura di Michele Cordaro, Roma: Editori Riuniti, 2005.

- Bucher Ward, Dictionary of building preservation. New York: Preservation Press, 1996.

- Buzzanca Giancarlo, "Publication on theory of restoration". Conservation Online, June 1, 2005,1

http://cool.conservation-us.org/byform/mailing-iists/cdl/2005/0745.htm

- Cabonara Giovanni, “Di male in peggio”, in Ananke, n°64, 3-6;

- Caccia Susanna, Elogio della cura: Il progetto di restauro: orientamenti critici ed esperienze. In praise of care. The restoration project: critical orientation and experience. Pisa: edizioni ETS s.r.l., 2012

- Caccia Susanna, Tutela e restauro delle stazioni di servizio. Preservation and restoration of service stations. Milano: Franco Angeli, 2012.

- Cantacuzino Sherban, “Principles of protection for the architecture of Modem Movement”, First International DOCOMOMO Conference Proceedings, 32-34. Eindhoven: DOCOMOMO International, September 1990.

- Carughi Ugo, Maledetti Vincoli. La tutela dell'architettura contemporanea. Torino: Umberto Allemanni Editore, 2012.

- Catto Lucia, "Teoria e prassi della tutela in Inghilterra”. Tesi di laurea, Facoltà di architettura II del Politecnico di Torino, 2007.

- Chapman Bruce, “Welcome to Heritage New Zealand", Heritage Quarterly Journal (winter 2014): 3

- Cochran Chris, Guidelines for altering heritage. Buildings. Wellington: New Zealand Historic Places Trust, 2000.

- Colombi Rossella, "Risoluzioni Internazionali sui Beni Archeologici. Carte e convenzioni di interesse generale", in AA. W. Il mondo dell’Archeologia, Treccani, 11-13.

http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/restauro-e-conservazione-la-legislazione-e-la-tutela_(ll-Mondo-deli'Archeologia)

- Curtis William, Modern architecture Sice 1900. Oxford: Phaidon Press Ltd, 1982.

- Daley Debra, The1950s show. The Auckland Gallery exhibition, Auckland: New Zealand Home and building, 1995.

- Dalla Costa, Mario II progetto di restauro perla conservazione del costruito. Torino: Celid, 2000.

- De Donno Paola, "Landscape Preservation and Conservation in Great Britain" in Politiche e culture del paesaggio Lionella Scazzosi (ed.), Roma: Ministero peri Beni e le Attività Culturali, 2001.

- De Jonge Wessel, "The fair face of concrete: critical authenticity", DOCOMOMO International

Seminary,conference proceedings. DOCOMOMO International, aprii 1997.

- Delafons John, Politics and Preservation. London: E&FN Spon, 1992.

- Della Torre Stefano, “Conservazione programmata: i risvolti economici di un cambio di paradigma', in Il capitale culturale. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage, n” 1, 2010, 47-45

- Dezzi Bardeschi Marco, Tutela del contemporaneo: indietro tutta?", in Ananke, n°64, 2011, 2-3;

- Di Biaso Agnese e Rolla Candida, "La Nuova Pescheria. Riscoperta dei valori architettonici e culturali di strutture industriali del primo Novecento. Studio storico e diagnostico per il progetto di inserimento del Mercato del Pesce nel circuito del Porto Antico di Genova", Tesi di laurea, Facoltà di Architettura, Università degli studi di Genova, 2011.

- Erbani Francesco, “1941-1961: salvare vent’anni di architettura italiana’ in Ananke, n°64, 7-9

- Gatìey Julia, Long Live The Modem. New Zealand's New Architecture. Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2008.

- Gatley Julia, Group Architects. Towards a New Zealand Architecture. Auckland: University Press, 2010.

- Gatley Julia, " Labour Takes Command. A History and Analysis of State Rental Flats in New Zealand 1935-49”. Master Architecture Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 1997.

- Gatley Julia,"Recent Moves to preserve the recent past." In The Politics of Inheritance Conference, Auckland: Faculty of Architecture and Design UNITEC Institute of Technology, 1997.

- Gatley Julia, "The art and craft movement", Lecture, ARCHHTC 102/102G, University of Auckland, August 5,2014.

- Gatley Julia, " The USA skycrapers and Beaux Art Classicism", lecture, ARCHHTC 102/102G, University of Auckland, July 29, 2014.

- Gatley Julia, " Art Nouveau and the Search for a New Style, 1890-1910", lecture, ARCHHTC 102/102G, University of Auckland, August 6, 2014.

- Gatley Julia, ” Early Modernism: Vienna", lecture, ARCHHTC 102/102G, University of Auckland, August 7, 2014.

- Gatley Julia, " The Urban Realm", lecture, ARCHHTC 102/102G, University of Auckland, August 7, 2014 Gatley, Julia. "Gummer and Ford guide", Architecture Archive, University of Auckland’s library's databases, http://www.architecture-archive.auckland.ac.nz/

- Gatley Julia, “State rental flats and the Modem Movement in New Zealand”, Fourth DOCOMOMO International Conference proceedings. Bratislava: September 1996, 222

- Gatley Julia, “The Heritage Identification of modem public housing: the New Zealand example"

- Gatley Julia, "Tibor Donner 1 : Public Buildings", Architecture Archive, University of Auckland, Library.

http://www.architecture-archive.auckland.ac.nz/docs/block-dlgital/2008-01BlockDigital-TKDonnerGuide.pdf

- Gatley Julia, "Warren & Mahoney in Christchurch", Architecture Archive, http://www.archltecturearchive.auckland.ac.nz/docs/block-digital/2008-07BlockDigital-WAMChchGuide1.pdf

- GHD “Report for Auckland Council Property LDT- Civic Building”, for Auckland City Council,

December 2012

- Giusti Maria Adriana, O.A.M. Osservatorio dell'architettura moderna in Piemonte

- Giusti Maria Adriana, Temi di restauro. Torino: Celid, 2000

- Haaroff Errol, Architecture of Central Auckland. Auckland: New Zealand Institute of Architects Inc., 2003.

- Haln Simon, “The poetic dimension”. First DOCOMOMO International Conference proceedings.

Eihndoven: DOCOMOMO International, 1990. 136

- Hartley Phillip, Student Union building report. Auckland: Salmond Reed Architects, 2014

- Henket Hubert-Jan, “20th century architecture requires a new conservation policy and approach ”. First International DOCOMOMO Conference Proceedings, Eindhoven, September 1990. 53

- Hitchcock Henry-Russell and Johnson Philip J.P.S (The Journal of the Polynesian Society), The International style, architecture since 1922 Bologna: Zanichelli Editore, 1982. "The Journal of the Polynesian Society" The Journal of the Polynesian Society. University of

Auckland, 2012. http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/index.php

- Kanter Laurence, “The Reception and Non-Reception of Cesare Brandi In America”, Journal of historic preservation, history, theory and criticism, GSAPP, Columbia University, www.arch.columbla.edu_files_gsappJmceshared_aml2193_4.1 - Kanter

- Kemohan David, Wellington's new buildings. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1989.

- Manatù Taonga, Ministry of Culture and heritage “History of Government involvement in culture”. Published: 19 July, 2012. http://www.mch.govt.nz/about-ministry/overview/history-govemment-lnvolvement-culture

- Marcosano Dell'Erba Cristiana, “I giovani monumenti In Italia: Identità e tutela", SUNILA MOMONECO SEMINAR, 16 august 2003.

- Matero Frank G, “Loss, Compensation, and Authenticity: The Contribution of Cesare Brandi to Architectural Conservation in America". University of Pensylvanla Department Paper, January, 7 2007. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/vlewcontent.cgi?artide=1010&context=hp_papers

- McLean Gavin, “A brief history of New Zealand's Heritage Movement 1890-2000" in A. Trapeznik (ed.). Common Ground? Heritage and public spaces in New Zealand (Dunedin : University of Otago Press, 2000)

- Mumfors Lewis, The Culture of Cities. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1938.

- Negri Massimo, “L’archeologia industriale si è persa per strada? sintesi e commento di un dattiloscritto di Kenneth Hudson", Cultura e impresa no. 2, July, 2005, www.cultureimpresa.it

- Niglio Olimpia, "Restauro del Moderno - Confronto tra differenti reti ideologiche", EdA Esempi di architettura. Accessed November, 2014. http://www.esempidiarchitettura.lt/ebcms2_uploads/oggetti_articolo_109_ITA_7yG3CBhBJKr 5kKuFcMrRprUjqh9FVxRSUqLpQTPr.pdf

- O’Malley Stirling Penetito, The Treaty of Waitangi Companion. Maori and Pàkehà from Tasman to today. Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2010.

- Polynesian Society,The Journal of the Polynesian Society, (Auckland: University of Auckland, 2012)

- Rebel Ben, "The essence of the Modern Movement”, Second DOCOMOMO International Conference Proceedings. Dessau: DOCOMOMO International, 1991. 54-58

- Reynolds David, “The Ethical Context" paper presented at The Conservation Plan - Prospect or Postscript conference, Auckland: 12-14 October 1995.

- Rix Michael, The Amateur Historian. Birmingham: Extra-Mural Department Birmingham University, 1955.

- Rubino Ennio, Le fabbriche del sud: saggi di storia e archeologia industriale. Napoli: Athena Editions, 1990.

- Ruskin John, The Seven Lamps of Architecture, London : Smith and Elder, 1849

- Salmond Reed Architects LTD,“Auckland Council Civic Administration Building. Heritage Assessments.” For Auckland City Council,

- Salmond Reed Architects LTD,“AUSA - Student Union Building - Steel Staircase - Step Repairs", for University of Auckland, 29 august 2014.

- Sharp Denis, "Modern’ architecture and its conservation First International DOCOMOMO Conference Proceedings. Eindhoven: DOCOMOMO International, September 1990. 57

- Sherfy Marcella and W. Ray Luce, Guidelines for Evaluating and Nominating Properties that achieved significance within the last fifty years, National Register Bulletin No. 22

- Sica Paolo, Storia dell’urbanistica. L’Ottocento. Bari: Laterza, 1992.

- Sirowy Beata, "Phenomenological Concepts in Architecture Towards a User-Oriented Practice", Arkltektur og designhegskolen I Oslo, thesis, 2010. http://www.aho.no/pagefiles/1752/thesls%20sirowy.pdf

- Sirowy Beata, "Phenomenological Concepts in Architecture Towards a User-Oriented Practice", The Oslo School of Architecture and Design http://www.aho.no/pagefiles/1752/thesis%20sirowy.pdf

- Tafuri Manfred, “Red Vienna: Housing policy in a socialist city”, Modem Architecture, vol. 1. New York: Rizzoll, 1968.

- Thompson Edward Palmer,William Morris: Romantic to Revolutionary. New York: Pantheon, 1976.

- Tone Lama Peseta, “Contemporary architecture in the Pacific Samoa”, lecture, ARCHHTC340L01C, University of Auckland, may 21, 2014

- Torsello B. Paolo e Musso Stefano, Tecniche per il restauro achitettonico. Torino: UTET Scienze Tecniche, 2003.

- Torsello B.Paolo, Che cos’è il restauro? Nove studiosi a confronto. Venezia: Marsilio Editori, 2005

- Verpoest Luc, "Moderate Modernism: the conservation of an architectural concept versus the restoration of its technology”. First International DOCOMOMO Conference Proceedings, Eindhoven, September 1990. 61

- Walker Paul, "Modem architecture in New Zealand”, DOCOMOMO Journal n“29, September 2003, 43

- Walsh John, Last, Loneliest, Loveliest. The New Zealand Pavillion, 14"’ International Architecture Exhibition La Biennale di Venezia. Auckland: New Zealand Institute of Architects Inc., 2014.

- Warren and Mahoney (firm),New Territory. 50 years of New Zealand architecture. Auckland: John Balasoglou publisher, 2005.

- Willis Gavin, Selected Architecture Christchurch, a guide. Christchurch: NZIA Inc., 2005.

- Wood Peter, “Opinion: Peter Wood on... New Zealand at the 2014 Venice Architecture Biennale”,

Architecture NZ, march 2014, 21

SITOGRAFIA

- Auckland City Council, Proposed Auckland Council Unitary Plan - Schedule of Significant Historic Heritage Places

Part 1: Historic Heritage Places http://unitaryplan.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/

- Auckland City Council, "Auckland Live"; http://www.aucklandlive.co.nz/aboutauckiandlive.aspx

- DOCOMOMO New Zealand,DOCOMOMO New Zealand, http://www.docomomo.org.nz/about/docomomo-new-zealand/

- Heritage New Zealand,Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014,

http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014

- Heritage New Zealand,Heritage New Zealand Online Register, http://www.heritage.org.nz/the-list/details/100

- ICHAM (International Council for Heritage and Archaeology Management) ICOMOS New Zealand, Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage: ICOMOS 1992. http://www.intemational.icomos.org/charters/arch_e.pdf

- ICOMOS New Zealand, ICOMOS New Zealand for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Value (2010); http://www.icomos.org/charters/ICOMOS_NZ_Charter_2010_FINAL_11_Oct_2010.pdf

- International Committee for Documentation and Conservation of buildings sites and neighbourhoods of the Modern Movement, DOCOMOMO International; http://www.docomomo.com/

- International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Declaration of Amsterdam. Congress on the European Architectural Heritage, 21-25 October 1975; http://www.icomos.org/fr/chartes-et-normes/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/425-la-charte-dathenes-pour-la-restauration-des-monuments-historiques-1931

- Ministero Italiano per i Beni e le Attività Culturali,Codice per la Tutela dei Beni Culturali e del Paesaggio. D. Lgs. 42, 22 gennaio 2004, Roma, Italia

- New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment, Building Act, 24 august 2004. Reprinted on 8 august 2014. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2004/0072/latest/DLM306036.html

- New Zealand Ministry of Environment Resource Management Act. 22 july 1991. Reprinted at 12 September 2014;

http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1991/0069/latest/whole.html

- United States Historic Preservation Education Foundation,"Historic Preservation Education Foundation"; http://hpef.us/organization

- United States National Park Service,"National Park Service", National Park Servic, United States, May 2014; http://www.nps.gov/history/preservation.htm