The evolution of the contemporary space economy is creating new challenges in the development of Thermal Protection Systems (TPS). The growing number of spacecraft in orbit, the renewed interest in human spaceflight, and advances in reusable components have increased the research focus on accurate material characterization for a dual function. TPS materials must ensure protection during atmospheric entry and complete demise during disposal. In both cases, reliable prediction of thermal degradation is essential to optimize design margins and ensure system safety. Cork is a promising material for TPS applications. Its cellular structure provides high porosity, low density, and excellent thermal insulation.