This thesis focuses on the development of a lunar surface module commissioned to Thales Alenia Space by ASI and aims to explore the initial phases of mission design, with the objective of demonstrating its inherently iterative and recursive nature. The process begins with the definition of the mission statement and the stakeholder analysis, in order to identify and consolidate the main requirements of the module. Following this, a high-level functional analysis was carried out in order to compare and validate the academic design methodologies against those currently used within the company. The academic methodology starts from the functional tree based on the mission statement, then follows with a functional/device matrix, from which the product tree is derived; the connections are then able to be studied through a connection matrix and a block diagram.