The surge in demand for applications such as virtual and augmented reality, expansive cloud services, and high-definition video streaming has significantly increased the need for greater capacity in optical and wireless networks. As these technologies advance, they continually increase their requirements for high bandwidth and low latency, necessitating ongoing improvements in network infrastructure. This is a significant challenge for 5G networks, as the backhaul infrastructure used for previous generations is inadequate for meeting the stringent requirements in terms of very low latency and efficient management of dense traffic. Nowadays, optical systems are approaching their theoretical capacity limits due to significant advancements like probabilistic constellation shaping and forward error correction.