The road freight sector is an important pillar of the European economy, as 75% of goods are transported on wheels, but it is also a significant source of CO2 emissions accounting for about 5% of the EU’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The challenge of decarbonising this branch is particularly arduous, not only because of its inherent dependence on fossil fuels, but also because of the substantial increase in road freight activities year after year. For decades, the environmental impact of this sector, particularly in terms of GHG emissions, was largely overlooked. It was only in 2019 that a pivotal shift occurred with the adoption of the first CO2 emission standards for new heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) within the EU, moving road freight transport towards carbon neutrality.