The European Union (EU) Commission has proposed ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by more than 55% by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. The transport sector, responsible for a significant portion of EU emissions, needs to reduce its emissions by 90%. Considering that Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) contribute about 25% of road transport emissions in the EU, European countries have introduced GHG reduction targets for transport fuels. Some countries have implemented lower taxes on biodiesel blends above a certain proportion to incentivize their use. Additionally, many regions have established low or zero carbon zones in urban areas, which forbids the HDVs that do not meet the emission regulations to operate in these zones.