Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative neurological disease affecting the central nervous system. It is characterized by an abnormal immune response resulting in inflammation and progressive damage to myelin, a protective tissue covering the nerve fibers, which is essential for signal transmission. Demyelinated areas in the brain appear as hyperintensities in T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and are radiologically described as white matter hyperintensities (WMH). At present, the most important radiological diagnostic criterion for MS is based on the identification of these lesions in MR images while follow-up of MS patients primarily consists of comparing MR images of the brain with prior MR examinations.