Alarming projections of climate change, increasing aridity and decreasing water availability, coupled with continued population growth, changes in dietary patterns and expanding biofuel use represent some of the heaviest pressures on global agriculture. In addition, crop yields are generally projected to decrease under future climate conditions. All these factors heavily impact food production and constitute worrisome implications for food security. At the same time, to meet the projected demands from population and societal changes, global crop production needs to double globally by 2050, and the commonly preferred solution for achieving such increment is through boosting crop yields. But while western countries are closer to their crop yield potential, Africa still falls behind in crop yield gap closure.