The progressive increase of environmental pollution and population are leading many countries to deal with severe water scarcity issues. Nowadays, it is estimated that at least four billion people live in a water stress condition, and despite the lack of information, there are already many alarming situations. Water desalination seems to be the most common and promising procedure to contrast this problem, thanks to several proposals of different technologies. A possible subdivision is in active and passive, where in the former external mechanical components drive the desalination process, meanwhile in the latter external mechanical parts are not present. Furthermore, both technologies necessitate of external energy to compute the desalination process, which can be provided by renewable sources.